NAME
zyd —
ZyDAS ZD1211/ZD1211B USB IEEE
802.11b/g wireless network device
SYNOPSIS
zyd* at uhub? port ?
DESCRIPTION
The
zyd driver provides support for wireless network adapters
based around the ZyDAS ZD1211 and ZD1211B USB chips.
These are the modes the
zyd driver can operate in:
-
-
- BSS mode
- Also known as infrastructure mode, this
is used when associating with an access point, through which all traffic
passes. This mode is the default.
-
-
- monitor mode
- In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without
associating with an access point. This disables the internal receive
filter and enables the card to capture packets from networks which it
wouldn't normally have access to, or to scan for access points.
zyd supports software WEP. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is
the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. It can be typically
configured in one of three modes: no encryption; 40-bit encryption; or 104-bit
encryption. Unfortunately, due to serious weaknesses in WEP protocol it is
strongly recommended that it not be used as the sole mechanism to secure
wireless communication. WEP is not enabled by default.
CONFIGURATION
The
zyd driver can be configured at runtime with
ifconfig(8) or on boot with
ifconfig.if(5) using the
following parameters:
-
-
- bssid
bssid
- Set the desired BSSID.
-
-
- -bssid
- Unset the desired BSSID. The interface will automatically
select a BSSID in this mode, which is the default.
-
-
- chan
n
- Set the channel (radio frequency) to be used by the driver
based on the given channel ID n.
-
-
- -chan
- Unset the desired channel to be used by the driver. The
driver will automatically select a channel in this mode, which is the
default.
-
-
- media
media
- The zyd driver supports the following
media types:
- autoselect
- Enable autoselection of the media type and
options.
- DS1
- Set 802.11b DS 1Mbps operation.
- DS2
- Set 802.11b DS 2Mbps operation.
- DS5
- Set 802.11b DS 5.5Mbps operation.
- DS11
- Set 802.11b DS 11Mbps operation.
-
-
- mediaopt
opts
- The zyd driver supports the following
media options:
-
-
- ibss
- Select Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
operation.
-
-
- -mediaopt
opts
- Disable the specified media options on the driver and
return it to the default mode of operation (BSS).
-
-
- nwid
id
- Set the network ID. The id can either
be any text string up to 32 characters in length, or a series of
hexadecimal digits up to 64 digits. An empty id
string allows the interface to connect to any available access points. By
default the zyd driver uses an empty string. Note that
network ID is synonymous with Extended Service Set ID (ESSID).
-
-
- -nwid
- Set the network ID to the empty string to allow the
interface to connect to any available access point.
-
-
- nwkey
key
- Enable WEP encryption using the specified
key. The key can either be a
string, a series of hexadecimal digits (preceded by ‘0x’), or
a set of keys of the form “n:k1,k2,k3,k4”, where
‘n’ specifies which of the keys will be used for transmitted
packets, and the four keys, “k1” through “k4”, are
configured as WEP keys. If a set of keys is specified, a comma
(‘,’) within the key must be escaped with a backslash. Note
that if multiple keys are used, their order must be the same within the
network. zyd is capable of using both 40-bit (5
characters or 10 hexadecimal digits) or 104-bit (13 characters or 26
hexadecimal digits) keys.
-
-
- -nwkey
- Disable WEP encryption. This is the default mode of
operation.
HARDWARE
The following devices are known to be supported by the
zyd
driver:
- 3COM 3CRUSB10075
-
- Acer WLAN-G-US1
-
- Airlink+ AWLL3025
-
- Airlink 101 AWLL3026
-
- AOpen 802.11g WL54
-
- Asus A9T integrated
wirless
-
- Asus WL-159g
-
- Belkin F5D7050 v.4000
-
- Billion BiPAC 3011G
-
- Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54L
-
- CC&C WL-2203B
-
- DrayTek Vigor 550
-
- Edimax EW-7317UG
-
- Edimax EW-7317LDG
-
- Fiberline Networks
WL-43OU
-
- iNexQ UR055g
-
- Linksys WUSBF54G
-
- Longshine LCS-8131G3
-
- MSI US54SE
-
- Philips SNU5600
-
- Planet WL-U356
-
- Planex GW-US54GZ
-
- Planex GW-US54GZL
-
- Planex GW-US54Mini
-
- Safecom SWMULZ-5400
-
- Sagem XG 760A
-
- Sagem XG 76NA
-
- Sandberg Wireless G54
USB
-
- Sitecom WL-113
-
- SMC SMCWUSB-G
-
- Sweex wireless USB 54
Mbps
-
- Tekram/Siemens USB
adapter
-
- Telegent TG54USB
-
- Trendnet TEW-424UB
-
- Trendnet TEW-429UB
-
- TwinMOS G240
-
- US Robotics 5423
-
- X-Micro XWL-11GUZX
-
- Yakumo QuickWLAN USB
-
- Zonet ZEW2501
-
- ZyXEL ZyAIR G-220
-
FILES
The adapter needs some firmware files, which are loaded on demand by the driver
when a device is attached:
- /libdata/firmware/zyd/zyd-zd1211
-
- /libdata/firmware/zyd/zyd-zd1211b
-
See
firmload(9) for how to
change this.
EXAMPLES
The following
ifconfig.if(5)
example configures zyd0 to join whatever network is available on boot, using
WEP key “0x1deadbeef1”, channel 11:
inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11
Configure zyd0 for WEP, using hex key “0x1deadbeef1”:
# ifconfig zyd0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1
Return zyd0 to its default settings:
# ifconfig zyd0 -bssid -chan media autoselect \
nwid "" -nwkey
Join an existing BSS network, “my_net”:
# ifconfig zyd0 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net
DIAGNOSTICS
- zyd%d: could not read firmware file %s
(error=%d)
- For some reason, the driver was unable to read the
firmware file from the filesystem. The file might be missing or
corrupted.
- zyd%d: could not load firmware
(error=%d)
- An error occurred while attempting to upload the firmware
to the onboard microcontroller unit.
- zyd%d: could not send command
(error=%s)
- An attempt to send a command to the firmware failed.
- zyd%d: sorry, radio %s is not supported
yet
- Support for the specified radio chip is not yet
implemented in the driver. The device will not attach.
- zyd%d: device version mismatch: 0x%x
(only >= 43.30 supported)
- Early revisions of the ZD1211 chipset are not supported by
this driver. The device will not attach.
- zyd%d: device timeout
- A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did
not complete in time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not
happen.
SEE ALSO
arp(4),
ifmedia(4),
intro(4),
netintro(4),
usb(4),
ifconfig.if(5),
ifconfig(8),
firmload(9)
AUTHORS
The
zyd driver was written by
Florian
Stoehr
<
ich@florian-stoehr.de>,
Damien Bergamini
<
damien@openbsd.org>,
and
Jonathan Gray
<
jsg@openbsd.org>.
CAVEATS
The
zyd driver does not support a lot of the functionality
available in the hardware. More work is required to properly support the IBSS
and power management features.